B69s 1791044 REYNOLDS HISTORICAL GENEALOGY COLLECTION Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https://archive.org/details/syllabusofnorthc00boyd_0 A SYLLABUS OF North Carolina History 1584-1876 BY WILLIAM K. BOYD Professor of History, Trinity College AND J. G. de ROULHAC HAMILTON Alumni Professor of History, University of North Carolina The Seeman Printery Durham, N. C. 1913 1791044 l ! K v \Boyd, William Kenneth, 1873-1953. A syllabus of North Carolina history, 1584' 1878, by William K. Boyd ... and J. G. do Ivonlhao Hamilton ... Durham, N. C., The Seeman printcry, 1913, 101 ?. 231"". References at end of each section. i N 715 1. North Carolina— Hist. — Outlines, syllabi, etc. I. Hamilton. Joseph C^egoire Rer.ihac, 187S- Library of Congress r ) 14- J 2353 1*1054.?, /S 7 r . PREFACE 1 < w There is no general history of North Carolina based on the sources covering all phases of the State’s development. Hence in the courses on North Carolina history at Trinity and the University of North Carolina extensive use is made of mono- graphs, special works, magazine articles, and to a lesser de- gree of the sources. This Syllabus is based on the lectures and required readings in North Carolina history at the two institutions. The authors hope that it may prpove of value outside of college classes. For all who use it the following suggestions are offered: While the bibliography is not exhaustive, many items cited are out of print. Many of these may be found in old libraries, especially those of lawyers and public men who were active in the affairs of the past. The collection of such material forms a most interesting and instructive pursuit. A set of the Col- onial and State Records may be found in every County Court House and in most of the public libraries. The authors have purposely made little use of studies in biography. They believe that a knowledge of institutional and social development is a prerequisite for the intelligent under- standing of the services of public men. Most of the biograph- ical material available is lacking in this very element. However, exercises in biography may supplement the outlines here pub- lished. The study of state history should include the study of local county history. For such a purpose an outline (No. XCIV) is reprinted from North Carolina Day Program with the con- sent of Mr. R. D. W. Connor. For several suggestions and references the authors are in- debted to Air. W. H. Hoyt, of New York City. July 7, 1913. 3-y ' . ' TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. Selected List of Sources and Authorities 9 II. The Land and Resources 21 III. The Indians of North Carolina 23 IV. First European Explorations 23 V. The Lord Proprietors 24 VI. Colonizations of the Lord Proprietors : the Colony of Clarendon 25 VII. Political Institutions under the Proprietors 26 VIII. The Genesis of Albemarle 27 IX. Political Development of Albemarle, 1 23 X. Political Development of Albemarle, II 2S XI. Political Development of Albemarle, III 29 XII. The Church of England and the Cary Rebellion.... 30 XIII. The Southward Extension of Settlements 31 XIV. The Tuscarora War 31 XV. Last Years of Proprietary Government 32 XVI. Economic Conditions Under the Proprietors 33 XVII. Transfer of the Colony to the Crown 34 XVIII. Nature of the Royal Administration 35 XIX. Political and Constitutional Controversies, 1729- 1765 I, The Land System 36 XX. Political and Constitutional Controversies, 1729- 1765 II, Currency 37 XXI. Political and Constitutional Controversies, 1729- 1765 III, The Unarmed Rebellion 37 XXII. Political and Constitutional Controversies, 1729- 1765 IV, The Constitutional Revisions of 1754 and 1759 38 XXIII. Political and Constitutional Controversies 1729- 1765 V, The French and Indian War 38 XXIV. Social and Economic Development, 1729-1775 I, The Lower Cape Fear 39 XXV. Social and Economic Development, 1729-1775 II, The Highland Scotch 40 XXVI. Social and Economic Development, 1729-1775 III, The Scotch Irish 41 CHAPTER PAGE XXVII. Social and Economic Development, 1729-1775 IV, The Quakers 41 XXVIII. Social and Economic Development, 1729-1775 V, The Germans 42 XXIX. Social and Economic Development, 1729-1775 VI, The Moravian Brethren 42 XXX. Religious Development, 1729-1775 I, The Presby- terians 43 XXXI. Religious Development, 1729-1775 II, The Baptists.. 44 XXXII. Religious Development, 1729-1775 III, The Luther- ans and the German Reform 45 XXXIII. Religious Development, 1729-1775 IV, The Church of England 45 XXXIV. Religious Development, 1729-1775 V, Pioneers of Methodism 46 XXXV. Education in Colonial Times 47 XXXVI. Literature in Colonial Days 47 XXXVII. Territorial Expansion and Local Government 48 XXXVIII. The Northern and Southern Boundaries 48 XXXIX. Economic Conditions 49 XL. Political and Constitutional Issues, 1765-1771 I, The Stamp Act : 49 XLI. Political and Constitutional Issues, 1765-1771 II, War of the Regulation 50 XLII. Beginning of a Westward Migration 52 XLIII. Constitutional Controversies 1771-1775 52 XLIV. Rise of the Revolutionary Organizations ; the First Provincial Congress 54 XLV. The Second Congress ; Collapse of the Royal Ad- ministration 55 XLVI. The Conflict of Interests; The Third Congress 56 XLVII. Early Military Activities 56 XLVIII. The Fourth Provincial Congress. Instruction for Independence 57 XLIX. The Fifth Congress and the State Constitution 58 L. The Invasion of 1780-81, 1 59 LI. The Invasion of 1780-81, II 59 LII. Political Problems of the Revolution I. Finance 60 LIII. Political Problems of the Revolution II, Military Support 62 LIV. Political Problems of the Revolution III, The Roy- alists 62 6 '.,!7. • . I - ' i ' ' > ■ PAGE CHAPTER LV. Political Problems 1783-1787 63 LVI. The State of Franklin 64 LVII. North Carolina and the Federal Constitution 65 LVIII. Political Development 1790-1800, 1 66 LIX. Political Development 1790-1800, II 67 LX. Republican Politics and the War of 1812 67 LXI. State Problems 1790-1836 I, The Judiciary 68 LXII. State Problems 1790-1836 II, Boundaries and Ter- ritories 69 LXIII. State Problems 1790-1836 III, General Economic Conditions 70 LXIV. State Problems 1790-1836 IV, Internal Improvements 70 LXV. State Problems 1790-1836 V, Internal Improvements 71 LXVI. State Problems 1790-1836 VI, Movement for Public Education 72 LXVII. State Problems 1790-1836 VII, Finance 73 LX VIII. State Problems 1790-1836 VIII, Banking 75 LXIX. State Problems 1790-1836 IX, Revenue 76 LXX. State Problems 1790-1836 X, Constitutional Reform 77 LXXI. The Convention of 1835 78 LXXII. The Anti-Slavery Sentiment in North Carolina 78 LXXIII. Rise of the Pro-Slavery Sentiment 79 LXXIV. Changes in Political Party 1820-1832 80 LXXV. Rise of the Whig Party 81 LXXVI. Achievements under Whig Leadership I, The First Railways 81 LXXVII. Achievements under Whig Leadership II, The North Carolina Railroad 82 LXXVIII. Achievements under Whig Leadership III, Continu- ation of the Railroad Policy under Democratic Leadership 83 LXXIX. Achievements under Whig Leadership, 1836-1850 IV, Educational Progress 84 LXXX. Achievements under Whig Leadership, 1836-1850 V, Humanitarian Reforms 84 LXXXI. General Progress, 1840-1860 I, Industrial Condition 85 LXXXII. General Progress, 1840-1860 II, Private Educational and Religious Development 86 LXXXIII. The North Carolina Whigs in National Politics 87 LXXXI V. Decline of the Whig Party I, Manhood Suffrage 88 LXXXV. Decline of the Whig Party II, Disintegration over Slavery Extension 89 7 . 1*8 .... Jffif'hv i, u «»t ;mi»H ’ • . ' , ' V< CHAPTER PAGE LXXXVI. State Political Issues 1850-60 89 LXXXVII. The National Campaign of i860 in North Carolina.. 90 LXXXVIII. Secession in North Carolina 91 LXXXIX. North Carolina in the War 92 XC. Presidential Restoration 93 XCI. Congressional Reconstruction 94 XCII. The Radical Regime : 95 XCIII. Democratic Reaction and Its Result 97 XCIV. Outline for County History 98 8 A Syllabus of North Carolina History I. SELECTED LIST OF SOURCES AND AUTHORITIES I. BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1. General. Larned, J. N. The Literature of American History, (Bos- ton, 1902). Richardson and Morse. Writings on American History, 1902, (Princeton, N. J., 1904). McLaughlin, Slade and Lewis. Writings on American History, 1903, (Washington, the Carnegie Institution, 1905). Griffin: Writings on American History, 1906, (Xew York, 1908). Writings on American History, 1907, (Xew York, 1909) . Writings on American History, 1908, (Xew York, 1910) . Writings on American History, 1909, (Annual Re- port, American Historical Association, 1909). Writings on American History, 1910, (Annual Re- port American Historical Association, 1910). 2. Special. Weeks, Stephen B. A Bibliography of Xorth Carolina Historical Literature (Harvard University Library, 1895). The Press of Xorth Carolina in the Eighteenth Century (Brooklyn, 1891). Libraries and Literature in Xorth Carolina in the Eighteenth Century (Annual Report, American Histor- cal Association, 1895). North Carolina Books in the State Library (Publications of the North Carolina Historical Commission, vol. 1, Raleigh, 1907). Minutes of the State Literary and Historical Association, 1899-1912, (the minutes of each yearly meeting con- tains a bibliography of North Carolina books published that year. The bibliographies for 1902, 1903, 1904, 9 jT: fa a:o a r n manauss .1 : : 1 : m ' . h: U ' . ■ h ■ •>! . ' 1905 are reprinted in Publications of the Historical Commission, vol. 1). Connor, R. D. W. Index to North Carolina Articles in the North Carolina Review, the North Carolina Book- let, and North Carolina Day Programme (North Caro- lina Review, Jan. 1912; North Carolina Library Bul- letin, Sept., 1911). Wilson, L. R. Fiction with North Carolina Setting (North Carolina Review, Feb., 1912). Laney, F. B., and Wood, K. H. Bibliography of North Carolina Geology, Mineralogy, and Geography (Bul- letin 18, N. C. Geol. and Econom. Survey, Raleigh, 1909). II. SOURCES 1. Laws and Official Records, Printed. The Colonial Records of North Carolina, 1662-1775; vols. I-X ; collected and edited by William L. Saunders. (Raleigh, 1886-1890). The State Records of North Carolina, 1776-1790; vols. XI-XXVII; collected and edited by Walter Clark (Ral- eigh, 1895-1905).* The Colonial and State Records of North Carolina, vols. XXVIII-XXXI (Indices, Raleigh, 1909-1912). The Laws of North Carolina; sessional, 1777-1852; Pub- lic Laws, sessional (1854 to date) ; Private Laws, ses- sional (1854 to date). Collections of Laws; “The Yellow Jacket” (Newbern, 1752) ; Davis’ First Revisal (Newbern, 1764) ; Davis’ Second Revisal (Newbern, 1765) ; Laws of North Car- olina, 1715-1790 (State Records, vols. XXIV-XXV) ; Iredell, Laws of North Carolina (Edenton, 1791 ; 1799) ; Martin, A Collection of the Private Acts of North Carolina, 1715-1790 (Newbern, 1794) ; idem, .Public Acts of North Carolina, 1715-1803, 2 vols. (Newbern, 1804) ; Haywood, Manual of the Laws of North Carolina (Raleigh, 1800, 1808, 1814, 1818) ; Potter, Taylor, Yancey, Laws of the State of North Carolina, 2 vols. (Raleigh, 1827) ; Nash, Iredell and Battle, The Revised Statutes of the State of North . * and State Records ai*e parts of one series of publication, nenee the volumes are numbered consecutively throughout. 10 ' - . : ' ilno7: v • >HT . ■ - ■ 1 nW r. • ran •'•»>»»» r»< , , Carolina, 2 vols. (Raleigh, 1837) ; Moore, Biggs and Rodman, The Revised Code of North Carolina (Bos- ton, 1855). North Carolina Reports. Cases argued and determined in the Supreme Court of North Carolina, vols. 1-76 (to 1876). Legislative Journals:* Journal of the Senate, sessional, 1785-1814; 1858-1876. Journal of the House of Commons, sessional, 1785-1814; 1858-1866. Journal of the House of Representatives, sessional, 1868- 1876. Journals of the Senate and the House of Commons, ses- sional, 1815-56. Public Documents: Legislative Documents, sessional, 1835-1877; 1880-1887. Public Documents, sessional, 1879, 1889, 1876. Coon, Documentary History of Public Education in North Carolina to 1840 (2 vols., The State Historical Commission: Raleigh, 1908). Convention Journals: The Journal of the Convention of 1776 (Halifax); (re- printed in State Records, vol. X, 913-1013). The Journal of the Convention of 1788 (Hillsborough) ; (State Records, vol. XXII, pp. 1-35); Debates in the Convention (Elliott, Debates on the Federal Constitu- tion, vol. IV). The Journal of the Convention of 1789 (Fayetteville) ; (State Records, vol. XXII, pp. 36-53). Journal of the Convention called to amend the Constitu- tion of the State, July, 1835 (Raleigh, 1836) ; Debates of the Convention of 1835 (Raleigh, 1836). Journal of the Convention of May 20, 1861 (4 sessions) ; (Raleigh, 1862). The Journal of the Convention of 1865 (Raleigh). Journal of the Constitutional Convention of 1868 (Ral- eigh, 1868). * The legislative journals prior to 1700 may be found in the Colonial and State Records. A calendar of them is given in materials for a Bibliogra- phy of the Public Archives of the Thirteen. Original States (Report of the American Historical Association, 1900, Vol. II j. 11 ■ ' Journal of the Constitutional Convention of 1875 (Ral- eigh, 1875). 2. Manuscript Sources, Calendared: Indexes to Documents relative to North Carolina during the colonial existence of said State in London, (Raleigh, 1843). Calendar of the Emmet Papers (New York Public Li- brary, Bulletin, vols. I-III). Calendar of State Papers, Colonial Series. Edited by W. Noell, Saintsbury, 5 vols. (London). Calendar of the Manuscripts of the Earl of Dartmouth (Fourteenth Annual Report of the Royal Historical Manuscripts Commission, Appendix, Part X, 1895). Calendar of the Papers of Martin Van Buren (Library of Congress, 1910). Guide to the manuscript materials for the Plistory of the U. S. to 1783, in the British Museum, in minor London archives, and in the Libraries of Oxford and Cam- bridge. By C. M. Andrews and F. G. Gardner (The Carnegie Institution, 1909). Guide to the materials for the History of the United States to 1783 in the Public Record Office of Great Britain, by Chas. M. Andrews (in press). Descriptive List of Manuscript Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin (Madison, 1906). Report on the Public Archives of North Carolina, by J. S. Bassett (First Report of the Public Archives Com- mission, Annual Report of the American Historical As- sociation, 1900, vol. II, pp. 251-266). North Carolina County Archives; Part I. By Prof. John Spencer Bassett; Part II. By Professor Charles Lee Raper and J. H. Vaughan. (Report of the Public Archives Commission, Annual Report of the American Historical Association, 1904.) 3. Letters, Autobiographies, Narratives, and Documents of Con- temporaries. Brickell, John. The Natural History of North Carolina (Dublin, 1737: Raleigh, 1910). 12 ' ■ ■ Byrd, William. History of the Dividing Line (Peters- burg, 1841, Richmond, 1866; or Writings of William Byrd, New York, 1901). Catesby, Mark. Natural History of Carolina, Florida, and the Bahama Islands (London, 1731). Cornwallis. Answer to Sir Henry Clinton’s Narrative of the Campaign of 1781 (London, 1783; Philadelphia, 1866). Clinton, Sir Henry. Narrative of the Campaign of 1781 in North Carolina (London, 1783; Philadelphia, 1865). Observations on Earl Cornwallis’ Answer (Lon- don, 1783; Philadelphia, 1865). Letters of William Dickson; (edited by J. O. Carr, Ral- eigh, 1902). Fanning, David. Adventures in North Carolina (Rich- mond, 1861; New York, 1865; Toronto, 1908). Fleming, W. L. Documentary History of Reconstruction (Cleveland, 1907). Graham. General Joseph Graham and His Revolutionary Papers (Raleigh, 1904). Grimes, J. Bryan. Abstract of North Carolina Wills (Raleigh, 1910). Grimes, J. Bryan. North Carolina Wills and Inventories (Raleigh, 1912). Holden, William W. Memoirs (The John Lawson Mono- graphs, Durham, 1911). Iredell, Janies. Life and Correspondence of. Edited by G. J. McRee (New York, 1857). Johnston, Joseph E. Narrative of Military Operations During the Late War Between the States (New York, 1878). Lawson, John. A New Voyage to Carolina (1709) ; The History of Carolina (London, 1714-1718; Raleigh, 1860; Charlotte, 1904). Lee, Henry. Memoirs of the War in the Southern De- partment (New York, 1820). Macon, Nathaniel. Correspondence of (The John P. Branch Historical Papers, vol. Ill, No. 1). 13 . ' Murphy, Archibald De Bow. The Papers of ; edited by William Henry Hoyt (in press). Report on Affairs in the Insurrectionary States (Sen. Rep. 1, 42 Congress, 1 sess). Salley, A. S. (editor). Narratives of Early Carolina (New York, 1911). Sherman, W. T. Memoirs, 2 vols. (New York, 4th edi- tion, 1896). Tarleton, Sir B. History of the Campaign of 1780-81, (London, 1787). Waddell, A. M. Some Memories of My Life (Raleigh, 1908). Wheeler, J. H. Reminiscences and Memoirs of North Carolina and Eminent North Carolinians, 2 vols. (Co- lumbus, Ohio, 1884). Whitaker, R. PI. Reminiscences (Raleigh, 1905). Worth, Jonathan. Correspondence of. Edited by J. G. de Roulhac Hamilton, 2 vols. (Raleigh, 1909). York, Brantley. Autobiography. (The John Lawson Monographs, Durham, 1910). 4. Travel and Description. Bartram, William. Travels through North and South Carolina, Georgia, East and West Florida (Philadel- phia, 1791; Dublin, 1793). Byrd, William. History of the Dividing Line (see pre- ceding classification). Catesby, Mark. Natural History of Carolina, Florida and the Bahama Islands (London, 1731). Brickell. The Natural History of North Carolina (see preceding classification). Schopf. Travels in the Confederation (Phila., 1911). Lanman, Charles. Letters from the Alleghany Moun- tains (New York, 1849). Nichols, G. W. The Story of the Great March (New York, 1865). Olmstead, Frederick Law. A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States (New York, 1856). Royal, Anne. A Southern Tour or a Second Series of the Black Book (Washington, 1830). 14 f: . ' Watson, Elkanah. Men and Times of the Revolution (New York, 1856). Smythe, J. F. D. A Tour in the United States of Amer- ica, 2 vols. (Dublin, 1784). Zeigler and Grosscup, The Heart of the Alleghanies (Raleigh, 1883). III. SECONDARY AUTHORITIES 1. Histories of North Carolina.* Williamson, Hugh. A History of North Carolina, 2 vols. (Philadelphia, 1812). Martin, Francis Xavier. The History of North Carolina, • 2 vols. (New Orleans, 1829). Wheeler, John H. Historical Sketches of North Carolina, 1584 to 1851 (“Wheeler’s History”) 2 vols. in I (Phil- adelphia, 1851). Hawks, Francis Lister. History of North Carolina, vol. I, 1584-1591 (Fayetteville, 1857, 1858, 1859); vol. II 1663-1729 (Fayetteville, 1858). Moore, John Wheeler. History of North Carolina, 2 vols. (Raleigh, 1880). Spencer, Cornelia Phipps. Last Ninety Days of the War in North Carolina (New York, 1866). Clark, Walter (editor). History of the Several Regiments and Battalions from North Carolina in the War 1861-65, 5 vols. (Raleigh, 1902). Hill. Young Peoples’ History of North Carolina (Ral- eigh). Ashe, S. A. A History of North Carolina, vol. I (Greens- boro, 1908). 2. Local Histories. Alamance County. A History of. By Sallie W. Stock- ard (Raleigh, 1900). Craven County, The Early History of. By S. M. Brin- son (North Carolina Booklet, April, 1911). Miller, S. F. Recollections of Newbern (Our Liv- ing and Our Dead, vol. I). * Since the histories in this list, except those of Ashe and Hill, were pub- lished, many new sources have been discovered and a large number of mono- graphs. biographies, and studies in special phases of North Carolina have been written. Hence in this work the older histories are rarely cited, reliance being placed as far as possible on the latest information obtainable. For the same reason, the value of the older historians is mainly antiquasion ; they are therefore listed in the order of publication rather than alphabetically. 15 ' .) rl to/ tr ato:!»l*n 5 ...... Vass. History of the Presbyterian Church and Newbern (Richmond, 1866). Forsythe County. By Adelaide Fries (Winston, 1898). Guilford County. Publications of the Guilford County Literary and Historical Association, vol I (Greensboro, 1908). This pamphlet contains valuable papers on the Press of Guilford County, Schools of Guilford County, and Bench and Bar of Guilford County. Greensboro; Facts, Figures, Traditions, and Rem- iniscences, 1808-1904. By J. W. Albright (Greensboro, 1904). Haywood County, Centennial of, and its County Seat. By W. C. Allen (Waynesville). Hertford County, The Colonial and State Political History of. By B. B. Winborne (Raleigh, 1906). Mecklenburg County, A History of. By J. B. Alexander (Charlotte). A History of. By D. A. Tompkins, 2 vols. (Char- lotte, 1903). New Hanover County, A History of. By A. M. Wad- dell (Wilmington, n. d.). Orange County, A History of. Part I. By Frank Nash j (North Carolina Booklet, vol. X). Hillsborough, Colonial and Revolutionary. By Frank Nash (Raleigh, 1903). Pitt County, by Henry T. King (Raleigh, 1910). Rowan County, by Jethro Rumple (Salisbury, 1881). Wake County. Early Times in Raleigh, by David L. Swain (Raleigh, 1867). The Early History of Raleigh, by Kemp P. Battle (Raleigh, 1893). Historical Raleigh, by Moses A. Amis (Raleigh, 1902). 3. Histories of the United States and of other States. Adams, Henry. History of the LTnited States, 1800-1817, 9 vols. (New York, 1891). Bancroft, George. History of the United States, 6 vols. (New York). Channing, History of the United States, vols. I, II, III (New York, 1907, 1908, 1912). 16 Hart, A. B. (editor). The American Nation, 27 vols. (New York, 1904, 1908). Haywood, John. Civil and Political History of Tennes- see (Knoxville, 1823; Nashville, 1891). Hildreth R. History of the United States, 3 vols. (New York, 1856). McCrady, E. History of South Carolina, 1620-1719 (New York, 1897). ..... .Plistory of South Carolina, 1719-1776 (New York, 1899). South Carolina in the Revolution (New York 1902) Osgood, H. L. American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 3 vols. (New York, 1904, 1907). Phelan, James. History of Tennessee (Boston, 1888). Putnam, A. W. Early Times in Middle Tennessee or Life and Times of James Robertson (Nashville, 1859), Ramsay, J. G. Annals of Tennessee (Philadelphia, 1860). 4. Biographies — Collected. Ashe, S. A. (editor). A Biographical History of North Carolina, vols. I- VII (Greensboro, 1905-1908). Connor, R. D. W. Makers of North Carolina History (Raleigh, 1912). Dowd, J. Prominent Living North Carolinians (Raleigh, 1888). Haywood, Marshall DeL. Lives of the Bishops of North Carolina (Raleigh, 1910). Lewis, Wm. D. (editor). Great American Lawyers, 8 vols. (Philadelphia, 1909). Peele, \Y. J. (editor). Lives of Distinguished North Car- olinians (Raleigh, 1898). Sabine. Biographical Sketches of Loyalists of the Ameri- can Revolution (Boston, 1864). 5. Biographies — Individual. Craven, Braxton, Life of. By Jerome Dowd (Raleigh, 1896). j Harnett, Cornelius. By R. D. W. Connor (Raleigh, 1909). Caldwell, Rev. David. Life and Character by E. W. Ca- ruthers (Greensboro, 1842). MacDonald, Flora. By J. P. MacLean (Lumberton, 1909). 2 17 . ’ - - Macon, Nathaniel. By W. E. Dodd (Raleigh, 1903). Life of. By Edward R. Cotten, (Baltimore, 1840). Tryon, Governor William. By Marshall DeL. Haywood (Raleigh, 1903). Waddell, Hugh. A Colonial Officer. By A. M. Waddell (Raleigh, 1890). Vance, Z. B. Life of. By C. Dowd (Charlotte, 1897). 6. Studies in Social and Religious History. Battle, Kemp P. History of the University of North Car- olina, vols. I, II. (Raleigh, 1907-1912). Bernheim, History of the German Settlements and the Lutheran Church in North and South Carolina (Phil- adelphia, 1872). Bernheim. Plistory of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod of North Carolina (Philadelphia, 1910). Biggs, Joseph. History of the Kehukee Baptist Associa- tion (Tarborough, 1830). Burkhead, L. S. (editor). Centennial of Methodism in North Carolina (Raleigh, 1876). Caruthers, E. W. The Old North State in 1776, First Series (Philadelphia, 1854). The Old North State in 1776, Second Series (Phil- adelphia, 1856). Clewell, J. IT. Wachovia (New York, 1902). DeRossett (editor). Sketches of Church History in North Carolina (Wilmington, 1892). Douglas, John. History of Steele Creek Presbyterian Church, Mecklenburg County (Columbia, S. C., 1872). Foote, William H. Sketches of North Carolina (New York, 1846; Durham, 1912). Grissom, W. L. History of Methodism in North Caro- lina, vol. 1 (Nashville, 1905). History of Methodism in Davie County (Farming- ton, 1893). Moore, M. H. Pioneers of Methodism in Virginia and North Carolina (Nashville, 1884). Phillips, Historical Sketch of the Presbyterian Church at Fayetteville (1889). Purefoy, G. W. History of the Sandy Creek Baptist As- sociation (New York, 1859). 18 : ' 7iV ■ V . ' ■ ■ . 1 ,,, .0 11 Hi ■: : . . V ; •> Raper, C. L. Church and Private Schools in North Caro- lina (Greensboro, 1898). Reichel. The Moravians in North Carolina (Salem and Philadelphia 1859). Smith, C. L. History of Education in North Carolina (Washington, 1888). Weeks, Stephen B. Southern Quakers and Slavery (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1895). Church and State in North Carolina (Johns Hop- kins Studies in History and Political Science, Baltimore, 1893). Religious Development of the Province of North Carolina (Johns Hopkins Studies in History and Po- litical Science, Baltimore, 1892). The Press of North Carolina in the Eighteenth Cen- tury (Brooklyn, 1891). Libraries and Literatures (x\nnual Report Ameri- can Historical Association, 1895). The Beginning of the Common School System in the South (Annual Report U. S. Commissioner of Edu- cation, 1897). Williams, C. B. History of the Baptists in North Caro- lina (Raleigh, 1901). 7. Monographs and Miscellaneous Works. Bassett, J. S. The Constitutional Beginnings of North Carolina (Johns Hopkins Studies in History and Po- litical vScience, Baltimore, 1894). The Regulators of North Carolina (Annual Re- port, American Plistorical Association, 1894). Servitude in the Colony of North Carolina (Johns Hopkins Studies in Plistory and Political Science, Bal- timore, 1896). History of Slavery in the State of North Carolina (ibid, 1899). Anti-Slavery Leaders of North Carolina (ibid, 1899). Suffrage in North Carolina (Annual Report, Amer- ican Historical Association, 1895). Bullock. Essays in the Monetary History of the United States (New York, 1900). 19 ■ ■-■•>r?!Vor' 1 mi ? >■ . 5 . >: ‘io 7jtc.-UO oi r •tjiwjirr : Cook, W. D. (Editor). The Revolutionary History of North Carolina (Raleigh, 1853). Cox, S. S. Three Decades of Federal Legislation. Five Points in the Record of North Carolina in the Great War of 1861-65 (State Literary and Historical Asso- ciation, 1904). Faust, A. B. The German Element in the United States, 2 vols. (New York, 1909). Graham, G. W. The Mecklenburg Declaration of Inde- pendence (New York, 1905). Graham, W. A. Address on the Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence (New York, 1875). Hamilton, J. G. deR. Reconstruction in North Carolina (Chapel Hill). Herbert, H. A. Why the Solid South (Baltimore, 1890). Hoyt, William H. The Mecklenburg Declaration of In- dependence (New York, 1907). Hughson, The Carolina Pirates and Colonial Commerce (The Johns Plopkins Studies in History and Political Science, Baltimore, 1894). Jones, J. S. Defense of Revolutionary History of North Carolina (Boston, 1834). Kellogg, L. P. The American Colonial Charter (Annual Report, American Historical Association, 1903, vol. 1). Moore, J. H. Defense of the Declaration of Independ- ence (Raleigh, 1908). Raper, C. L. North Carolina, a Study in English Colonial Government (New York, 1904). Schwab. The Confederate States of America (New York, 1901). Stephenson, G. T. Race Distinctions in American Law (New York, 1910). Sykes, E. W. Transition of North Carolina from Colony to Commonwealth (Johns Hopkins Studies in History and Political Science, Baltimore, 1898). Thompson, Holland. From Cotton Field to Cotton Mill (New York, 1906). Weeks, Stephen B. ( See above, Studies in Social and Re- ligious History.) 20 - - - Wagstaff, H. M. State Rights and Political Parties in North Carolina, 1776-1861 (Johns Hopkins Studies, 1906). 8. Periodicals and Transactions of Societies. Bulletins of the North Carolina State Historical Com- mission (Raleigh, N. C.). The James Sprunt Historical Publications (formerly the James Sprunt Historical Monographs) The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, N. C. The John Lawson Monographs of The Trinity College Historical Society (Durham, N. C.). Historical Papers of the Trinity College Historical So- ciety (formerly Annual Publication of Historical Pa- pers), Series I-IX, Durham, N. C. The North Carolina Baptist Historical Papers (Wake Forest, N. C.). Papers of the North Carolina Conference Historical So- ciety, I-II (Durham, N. C.). The North Carolina Historical and Genealogical Register (vol. I, II, Edenton, N. C.). The North Carolina Day Programme (Raleigh, State De- partment of Education). The North Carolina Review (monthly supplement to the News and Observer, Raleigh, N. C.). The North Carolina University Magazine (Chapel Hill, N.C.). The North Carolina Booklet (Raleigh, N. C.). Our Living and Our Dead (Raleigh, 1874-1876). The Land We Love (Charlotte, N. C., 1866-69). The South Atlantic Monthly (Wilmington, 1877-1881). The South Atlantic Quarterly (Durham, N. C.). The Trinity Archive (Durham, N. C.). The Wake Forest Student (Wake Forest, N. C.). Publications of the Southern History Association (Wash- ington, D. C., 1897-1907). 21 ' ■ * , .3 .■■■■■•■ ,:j ■■ ■ - «?fV vt ,,Q .3. . . v/O.I 37/ 'T . • 7, i' , : v . .:ir iv si. II. THE LAND AND RESOURCES 1. Boundaries and area. 2. Geological formation, (Kerr, Report of the Geological Sur- vey of North Carolina, vol. 1, 1875). a. Antiquity. b. The “systems.” 3. Natural divisions. 4. The mountain region : Elevation. a. The mountain ranges. b. Soil and resources. c. Minerals; Forestry. 5. The Piedmont Plateau : Elevation. a. Boundaries. b. Soil and products. c. Water power. d. Mineral resources. 6. The Coastal Plain : Elevation. a. Boundaries. b. Soil and products. c. River courses and harbors. d. Fish and Game. 7. Climate and Rainfall. 8. Influence of Geography on History. a. Sectionalism of Nature: Drainage: Political Sec- tionalism. b. Diversity of resources : Democracy. c. Sea Ports: Early Immigration and Trade. References : Laney and Wood, Bibliography of North Carolina Geology, Mineralology, and Geography, (Bulletin of the North Caro- lina Geological and Economic Survey, No. 18) ; North Carolina and Its Resources, (Department of Agriculture, 1896) ; Kerr, Report of the Geological Survey of North Carolina, (1875) ; Emmons, Geological Report of the Midland Counties of North Carolina, (1856) ; Emmons, Report of the North Carolina Geological Survey: Agriculture of the Eastern Counties, (1858) ; Emmons, North Carolina Geological Survey, part II, Agriculture (relating to soils of the Swamp Lands), i860; Ruffin, Sketches of Lower North Carolina, (Raleigh, 1861) ; Curtis, Woody Plants of North Carolina (i860) ; reprinted by Hale, Woods and Timbers of North Carolina (1883). Bulletins of the North Caro- lina Geological Survey; Papers of North Carolina Economic Survey; Geographies. 22 ' . : ,, - III. THE INDIANS OF NORTH CAROLINA 1. Origin and numbers of the North Carolina Indians. 2. Principal Tribes, their Territory and Hunting Grounds. a. The Cherokee (the Iroquoian Family). b. The Catawbas. c. The Eastern Tribes (The Algonquin Family). 3. Physical Characteristics. 4. Customs and Religion. 5. Government. 6. Prominent Indian Chiefs of North Carolina. References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, Vol. I, pp. 179-180; Hill, School History of North Carolina; Royce, The Cherokee Nation of Indians (Bureau of American Ethnology, 5th Annual Report) ; Stringfield, The North Carolina Cherokee Indians (Booklet, Vol. Ill, No. 2) ; Rand, The North Carolina Indians (James Sprunt Publication Vol. XII) ; Hoyt, Murphey Papers II, 382-383. Sources: Lawson’s History of North Carolina, 277-390 (Edition of i860) ; Brickell, Natural History of North Carolina, 277-408 (Reprint of 1910). IV. FIRST EUROPEAN EXPLORATIONS IN ] NORTH CAROLINA . j 1. The French under Verrazano. . ~ * a. Cape Fear; Roanoke. b. Relation to French colonization. 2. English under auspices of Sir Walter Raleigh. a. Life and Character of Raleigh; causes of interest in the new world. b. The charter of 1584, (Hawks, vol. I, pp. 11-17). c. The expedition of Amadas and Barlowe (1584). 1. Roanoke Island. 2. Indians. 3. “Virginia.” 3. First Attempt at Colonization (1585-1586). a. Leaders : Lane, Cavendish, White, Hariot, Grenville, Amadas. b. Landing and exploration. c. Difficulties of the Colonists. 1. Character and aims. 2. Indians. 23 ; " ! i il ' ■ . • ' 2. d. Return to England; Grenville’s Relief Expedition. e. Results : Tobaccoo, Indian Corn, Potato. 4. The Second Attempt at Colonization (1587). a. Governor White; Numbers; Destination; Roanoke Island. b. Baptism of Manteo. c. Virginia Dare. d. White’s return; expedition of 1590. e. Fate of the Colony ; Search Expeditions. f. The White Pictures (Booklet, July, 1906). References : Ashe, History of North Carolina, chs. II, IV.; Hawks, History of North Carolina, Vol. I, pp. 1-31 ; Connor, Beginnings of English America, (North Carolina Historical Commission, Raleigh, 1907); Hill, Young Peoples History of North Carolina, chs. I-II-III ; Peele, First English Settlements in America ; A study in Location, (North Carolina Booklet, Vol. IV, No. 7, and Publications of the North Carolina Historical Commission, Vol. I, pp. 267-291); Hamilton McMillan, Sir Walter Raleigh’s Lost Colony; Weeks, Lost Colony of Roanoke (Papers of the American Plistorical Association, Vol. V.) ; Williams, The Surroundings of Raleigh’s Colony (ibid.) ; Edward G. Daves, Raleigh’s New Fort in Virginia, 1585, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series I) ; Cobb, Some Changes in the North Carolina Coast Since 1585, (Booklet IV, No. 9.) Sources : Contemporary accounts of the Voyage of Barlowe and Grenville, Hariot’s Description of “Virginia” and the Expeditions of White, first published in Hakluyt’s Voyages, are reprinted in Hawks, Vol. I, pp. 69-231). V. THE LORDS PROPRIETORS 1. The Proprietary. a. The English precedent; The County Palatine of Durham ; Characteristics. b. Application to Colonies. 1. Causes. 2. Proprietary Charters of Raleigh and Sir Rob- ert Heath. c. Carolana or Carolina? 2. Colonial Interests of Charles II. a. The Trade Laws. b. The New England Commission. c. New Territory. 24 . . ■ ..ICrfJrtKrtKfO • c Jh . ■ 3. The Charters of 1663 and 1665. a. Territory. b. Governmental provisions. c. “The Lords Proprietors/’ References : Bassett, Constitutional Beginnings of North Carolina, pp. 17-34; Osgood, American Colonies in the 17th Century, vol. II, passim; Andrews, Colonial Self Government, (American Nation Series,) passim ; Channing, History of the United States, II, ch. I; McCrady, History of South Carolina, 1670-1715, pp. 50-68; Ashe, History of North Carolina, ch. V, Vol. II. Sources: Colonial Records of North Carolina, I, pp. 1-13: 20-33: 102-114; Hawks, I, pp. 11-17. VI. COLONIZATION OF THE LORDS PROPRIETORS : THE COUNTY OF CLARENDON AND THE ASHLEY RIVER SETTLEMENT 1. Problems of Settlement. a. The Heath Claimants; the second Charter. b. The New England and London proposals (C. R. 1,36).* c. The Barbadian interest. 1. The People; economic conditions; political affairs. 2. The exploration of the Cape Fear in 1662 and 1663 (C. R. I, 67). 3. Sir John Colleton. 2. The Declaration and Proposals of 1663 (C. R. I, 113). a. Aims. b. Provisions. c. Immigration; The County of Clarendon (C. R. I, 71-73) ; Charlestown; lack of prosperity. 3. The Second Migration. a. Sir John Yeamans ; the Adventurers. b. The Concessions and Agreement (C. R. I, 75). c. Progress and discontent. 1. Causes (C. R. I, 145). 2. Abandonment of Clarendon; significance in the history of North Carolina. *C. R. here and elsewhere refers to Colonial Records. 25 V . ' . ■ ■ th ■ ■ ; ' •" ,i !sdO : ;X'v- ■ , ~~ — > — - ■ ■ — — ' 4. The Ashley River Settlement. a. Anthony Ashley Cooper. b. The Fundamental Constitutions. 1. Political ideal. 2. Social organization. 3. Popular liberty. c. Charlestown (Charleston, S. C.). References : Ashe, History of North Carolina, pp. 72-83 ; McCrady, History of South Carolina, 1670-1719, pp. 68-128; Hawks, History of North Carolina, II, pp. 68-84; Bassett, The County of Clarendon, (N. C. Booklet, Vol. II, No. 9) ; idem, Constitutional Beginnings of N. C., PP- 35-43. Sources: Colonial Records, Vol. I. VII. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS UNDER THE PROPRIETORS 1. Governmental System of the Fundamental Constitutions. 2. Modified Application : The Instructions (C. R. I, 181:235: 333 :373). 3. The Governor. a. Relation to Proprietors and Deputies. b. Independent Functions. 4. The Council. a. Periods of development: 1665-1670; 1670-1691; 1691-1724. b. The Grand Council ; the Palatine’s Court. 5. The Assembly. a. Membership. b. Development. c. Powers. 6. The Courts. a. The General Court. b. The Precinct Court. c. The Court of- Chancery. d. The Court of Admiralty. e. The Judicial Functions of the Council. 7. Financial Officers. References Bassett, Constitutional Beginnings of North Carolina (Johns Hopkins Studies Series XV,) Ch. IV; Ashe, History of North Carolina, pp. 98-104: 106-108^ Hawks, History of North Carolina, II, 26 ■ . i>. r. ,orv pp. 187-212; Daves, Locke’s Fundamental Constitutions (North Caro- lina Booklet, July, 1907.) Sources: The Fundamental Constitutions (edition of 1669) C. R. Vol. I, pp. 187-206; Instructions of the Proprietors, (C. R. Vol. I, cited above.) VIII. THE GENESIS OF ALBEMARLE 1. Early Exploration and Settlements. a. Causes. b. Leaders. c. Relation to Virginia. 2. Proprietary Authority Established. a. The first Governor : Drummond : Nathaniel Batts. b. The name Albemarle. 3. Economic Policy of Proprietors. a. Berkeley’s instructions (C. R. I, 50). b. The Concessions of 1650 (C. R. I, 79). 4. Early Political Activities. a. The First Assembly (1665), (Unveiling of Tablet at Nixonton, Boeklet, July, 1910). b. The Great Deed of Grant. c. The First Laws, (C. R. I, 183). 5. Character of the People: Evidence. a. Debtor laws (C. R. I, 665 :682). b. Small plantations (C. R. I, 690). c. Virginia testimony; Governor Nicholson; William Byrd, Etc. d. Early wills. e. Religion (Edmundson and Fox; C. R. I, 215). REFERENCES: Ashe, History of North Carolina, I, chs 6 and 8; Hawks, History of North Carolina, II, 441-453; Hill, Young Peoples History of North Carolina, ch 3; Introduction to the Colonial Records, Vol. I; Cheshire, First Settlers in North Carolina not Religious Refugees, (Booklet, April, 1906.) Sources: Colonial Records (pp. cited); Byrd, History of the Divid- ing Line; Grimes, Early North Carolina Wills; The Discover}’ of New Brittaine (1650) and Francis Yeardley’s Narrative of Excursions into North Carolina, 1654, in Salley, Narratives of Early Carolina, pp. 5-29; Hawks, Vol. II, pp. 15-22: 26-29. 27 " . , •3 IX. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ALBEMARLE, I THE NAVIGATION ACTS 1. Discontent. a. Of the Proprietors (C. R. I, 228-230: 230-232). b. Of the people. 2. The Navigation Acts. a. Acts of 1660, 1662 and 1663 (MacDonald, Select Charters and other Documents 1606-1775, Nos. 23, 25, 28). b. Illicit trade of Albemarle; the New England Mer- chantment (C. R. I, 244-246). c. The Act of 1672 (MacDonald, No. 34); Applica- tion to North Carolina. 3. Indian War ; Durant ; Reduction of Duties. 4. Quarrels of Governor Jenkins; Miller; The Assembly. 5. Eastchurch and Miller. a. Enforcement of customs. b. Gilliam and Culpepper. 6: The Culpepper Rebellion. a. The ‘‘Free Parliament.” b. Trial of Miller. c. “Free Trade.” d. Policy of the Proprietors. References : Ashe, History of North Carolina, ch. X ; Hawks, His- tory of North Carolina, Vol. II, 462-484; Hill, Young Peoples History of North Carolina, ch 8; Connor, Makers of North Carolina History, ch. 2. Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. I, 248-261 : 262-283 : 284-301 : 303- 3n: 313-333. X. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ALBEMARLE, II 1679-1698 1. The Policy of Conciliation. a. Governor Sothel; John Harvey and Henry Wilkin- son, acting Governors. b. The Council and other officials. c. The rights of Quakers restored. d. Damage Cases : the Act of Oblivion : Customs restored by Tax. 28 2. Administration of Sothel (1683-1689). a. Period of satisfaction (1683-1686). b. Period of oppression and corruption (1686-1689) ; Charges of the Proprietors (C. R. I, 367-371). 3. The Revolution of 1688 in Albemarle. a. The Revolution in England; in the colonies (Cham ing’s History of the United States, II ch. 7). b. Leaders in Albemarle. c. Arrest of Sothel; citation to England; expulsion from the colony. d. Sothel’s subsequent history. References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, ch. ii ; Hawks, His- tory of North Carolina, Vol. n, pp. 484-490; Channing, History of United States, Vol. II, ch. 7. Sources : Colonial Records, Vol. I, passim. XI. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ALBEMARLE, III REORGANIZATION: ALBEMARLE BECOMES NORTH CAROLINA 1. Administration of Philip Ludwell. a. Character and experience of Ludwell. b. Resistance of Captain John Gibbs (C. R. I, 363-365). c. Constitutional changes under Ludwell (C. R. I, 362). 1. Governor of Carolina N. and E. of the Cape Fear (1689), (C. R. I, 360). 2. Governor of Carolina; Deputy for North Carolina (C. R. I, 373, 380-381). 3. Permission for North Carolina to have a special Assembly (C. R. I, 380). 4. Choice of Governor (Instructions, C. R. I, 373). 5. Separation of Council and Assembly (1691). 6. The General Court. d. The Great Deed of Grant. 2. Administration of Archdale. a. • The Great Deed of Grant confirmed. b. New precincts. c. The Virginia Boundary Dispute. 29 References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, ch. XII, to p. 149; Hawks, Vol. II, 491-502; Hill, Young Peoples History of North Caro- lina, ch. X. Sources: Colonial Records, Vol. I, (pp. cited and passim) XII. THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND AND THE CARY REBELLION 1. Religious Conditions in Albemarle. 2. Religious Policy of the Proprietors. a. Religious provisions in the charters and the Funda- mental Constitutions. 3. The First Church Law. a. Henderson Walker. b. The Vestry Act (1701). c. The Reaction in 1803 ; Protest through John Porter; the Proprietors and the Vestry Act. 4. The Second Movement to Establish the Church. a. The Bishop of London; Dr. Thomas Bray; The S. P. C. K. b. Lord John Granville; Sir Nathaniel Johnston, and the South Carolina Vestry Law pf 1704. c. Robert Daniel, Deputy Governor of North Carolina ; The oaths of allegiance; The vestry law of 1705. d. Protest of the dissenters; removal of Daniel. 5. Thomas Cary: Life and Character. a. The test oath (C. R. I, 709). b. Second protest through John Porter: Removal of Cary. 6. William Glover, President of the Council and Deputy Governor. a. The test oaths again administered. 7. Restoration of Cary and the Dual Administration. a. The Council divided. b. The Assembly of 1708; Edward Mosely; repeal of the test laws. c. Flight of Glover. 8. Edward Hyde. a. President of Council : First Governor of North Car- olina (C. R. I, 775). b. Assembly of 1711 ; sedition law; vestry act (C. R. I, 769). 30 •i I I . ■-1&5) rfcrcfV. j;j ' r ' ■ . "■ hi: if, i. . : c. Armed resistance under Cary : Intervention of Gov- ernor Spotswood of Virginia. d. Policy of the English authorities in arrest of Cary and others. 9. Significance and Results. References : Weeks, Religious Development in the Province of North Carolina (Johns Hopkins Studies, series X, Nos. V-VI) ; Ashe, History of North Carolina, chs. 13-14; DeRossett (editor). Church History of North Carolina, ch. 3 ; McCrady, History of South Carolina, 1670-1719, passim ; Connor, Makers of North Carolina History, ch. IV. Sources: Colonial Records, Vol. I, passim. XIII. SOUTHWARD EXTENSION OF SETTLEMENTS 1. The French. a. The Pamlico River Colony. b. The Neuse and Trent Settlement. 2. The Swiss. a. De Graff enried and Michel. b. The Swiss Protestants of Berne. 3. The Palatines. a. Causes of persecution. b. Migration to England. c. Queen Anne, the Proprietors, and De Graffenreid. 4. Settlement of the Cape Fear. 5. New Towns: Bath, Newbern, Edenton. References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, I, pp. 169-171 ; Hawks, History of North Carolina, II, pp. 84-91; De Graffenried and the Swiss and Palatine Settlement of New Berne, (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, series, IV) ; Hill, Young Peoples Histor}' of North Carolina, ch. 12; Colonial Newbern, (Booklet, June, 1901); Goebel, Early Newbern (N. C. Review, August, 1910) ; Waddell, History of New Hanover County, passim. Sources: Colonial Records, Vol. I, passim. XIV. THE TUSCARORA WAR 1. Causes. 2. Opening of the Conflict. a. Capture of De Graffenried and Lawson, September 10, 1711; Fate of Lawson. b. The Massacre of September 22, 1711. 31 3. Appeal to Virginia and South Carolina for Aid ; Governor Spotswood. 4. The First South Carolina Expedition. a. Colonel Barnwell and his troops; route; battles. b. The truce; Dissatisfaction of Governor Hyde: Re- turn of the South Carolina Indians. 5. The War Renewed. a. Military measures (C. R. I, 877). b. Yellow fever; Death of Governor Hyde. c. Treaty with Tom Blount. d. The Second South Carolina Expedition under James Moore ; route. 6. The Final Battles. a. Fort Xaharoco. 7. The Removal of the Tuscaroras. 8. Political Development during the War. a. Leadership of the Assembly. b. Paper money. References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, I, ch. XV; Hawks, History of North Carolina, II, 525-552; Clark, Indian Massacre and Tuscarora War (Booklet, July, 1902). Sources : The Journal of De Graffenried, Correspondence of Spottes- wood and Pollock, etc. (C. R. Vols. I, II) ; The Journal of John Barnwell, (Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vols. V, VI) ; Letters of Barnwell (South Carolina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, January, 1908). XV. THE LAST YEARS OF PROPRIETARY GOVERNMENT 1. Recovery after the Tuscarora War. a. Policy of Proprietors toward Land Grants. 2. The aggressive spirit of the Assembly. a. Compilation of Laws. b. The Church Law. c. Representation of the Precincts in the Lower House. 3. Governor Eden. a. Character. b. Quarrel with the Lower House. c. Relation with the Pirates. d. Quarrels with Moseley and Moore. 32 ■ ' - ■ — ' ' ■ ’ \j- v .7 ; ... 4. Governor Burrington. a. Previous life and character. b. Sympathies with the people. c. Quarrels and removal. • 5. Sir Richard Everard. a. Character. b. Conflict with Assembly ; constitutional privileges de- manded. 6. Personal Quarrels. References: Ashe, History of North Carolina, pp. 196-215; Hill, Young Peoples History of North Carolina, ch. 2; Hawks, History of North Carolina, II, 553-570; Haywood, Sir Richard Everard (Publica- tions of the Southern History Association, Vol. II) and Geo. Burring- ton (Biographical History of North Carolina, Vol. I.) XVI. ECONOMIC CONDITIONS UNDER THE PROPRIETORS 1. Growth of Population (C. R. II, xvii). 2. The Land System. a. Average number of acres in each grant. b. The quit rent. 3. Trade and Commerce. a. Influence of geography. b. Virginia. c. The New England Traders. 4. The Pirates. a. Causes of piracy. b. North Carolina a resort for pirates. c. Careers of Teach and Bonnett. 5. The Products of North Carolina. 6. The Labor System. 7. Money. 8. The Towns: Bath, Edenton, Newbern, Wilmington. References : Hawks, Vol. II, chs. 3 and 4; Hughson, Carolina Pirates and Colonial Commerce (Johns Hopkins University Studies, Series XII, Nos. V, VI, VII) ; Bullock, Essays in the Monetary System of United States, 175-139; Ashe, Our Own Pirates (Booklet, June, 1908); Bassett, Servitude in the Colony of North Carolina, (Johns Hopkins Studies, Series XIV, No. IV) ; Bassett, Land Holding in Colonial Carolina (Papers of the Trinity College Historical Society, Series 33 3 . - VII) ; Morgan, The Land System of North Carolina, in press (James Sprunt Historical Publication). Sources: Colonial Records, Vol. I, II, III, passim; Laws of North Carolina (State Records, Vol. XXIII). XVII. TRANSFER OF THE COLONY TO THE CROWN 1. Failure of Proprietary Colonization. a. Conditions among the Proprietors ; the changing personnel; law suits (ex. the share of Lord Clar- endon: Sir William Berkeley:) ; Lack of Interest in the Colony; Rare meetings of the Proprietary Board (McCrady, 276-7, 6 36). b. Relations of the Proprietors with the Colony. 1. Little investment of money. 2. Character of Governors. 3. Failure to approve laws. 4. Failure to protect people from Indians and Pirates. 2. The Colony in Resistance to the British Government. a. The Culpepper Rebellion. b. The church law of 1704; the Cary. Rebellion. 3. Movements fo Annul the Charters to 1689. a. Complaint and activity against New England (1675-1684). b. Dissolution of Bermuda Company (1683) ; policy of the Proprietors in the trial of Culpepper. c. Quo Warranto Measures of 1685 (Pennsylvania and Carolina excepted, C. R. I, 353). 4. Significance of the Revolution of 1688. a. In the constitutional history of the Colonies. b. In the relation of Colonies to England. All govern- ors to be approved by the crown and under oath to enforce the law; admiralty courts. 5. Later Movements to Annul the Charters. a. Bill of 1701. b. Bill of 1706. c. Bill of 1715. 6. The Revolution in South Carolina. a. Causes. • b. Appeal of the People to the Crown. 34 1791044 c. Royal Government established (1719). 7. The sale of Carolina to the Crown. References : Kellog, The American Colonial Charter, (Annual Re- port, American Historical Association, 1903) ; pp. 201-207; 246-250 and ch. IV; McCrady, History of South Carolina (70-719, ch. XXX); Carr, The Sale of Carolina to the King (Trinity Archive, March, 1902.) Sources: The Colonial Records, Vol. II, (passim.) XVIII. NATURE OF THE ROYAL ADMINISTRATION 1. Established Forms Remain; The Spirit of Institutions Changed. a. The Governor (the commission of Burrington, C. R. Ill, 66). A. Representatives of the Crown: Oath. 2. Power to embody the militia and erect forts. 3. Administration of public lands. 4. With the courts: to establish markets and fairs. 5. With the Council : to establish courts : ap- pointment of judges in the hands of the gov- ernor. 6. The pardoning power. 7. To adjourn, prorogue and dissolve the As- sembly. 8. Veto laws. 9. The collation of benefices. b. The Council: Instruction of Burrington, (C. R. 111,90-93). 1. Relation to Crown: Oath. 2. Relation to Governor : Oath. 3. Administrative and lawmaking body. c. The Lower House (Instruction of Burrington, C. R., Ill 93). 1. Representation. 2. Freehold suffrage. 3. Privileges of membership curtailed (Free- dom from arrest, adjournment without gov- ernor’s consent, complete power over money bills). 35 ■ ' ■ . _ ‘ - . ml d. Form of Revenue Bills to express “granted or reserved to us our heirs and successors,” etc.; auditing by British authorities. e. No Bills of Credit valid unless law authorizing them referred to. 2. The Causes of Constitutional Controversy. a. Powers of the Lower House exercised during the Proprietary period. b. Demand for larger legislative privilege and popular control of the government. References : Raper, North Carolina, a Study in English Colonial Government, chs. II, III, IV ; Cooke, The Governor, Council and Assembly in Colonial North Carolina, (James Sprunt Historical Publi- cation, vol. 12, No. I.) Sources: Commission and Instructions of Burrington, (Colonial Records, Vol. Ill, passim.) XIX. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL CON- TROVERSIES, 1729-1765, I 1. The Governors (Burrington, Johnston, Dobbs). a. Previous activity, character, and fitness for office of each. 2. Problems of the Land System. a. Quit rents. 1. Instructions of the Crown (C. R. Ill, 144- 146: IV 8-10: 110-114). 2. Views of the Colonists (C. R. IV 20-22: 108-110). 3. Compromise of 1738 disallowed by Crown (C. R. IV, 415-416: 425-432: 434-435). 4. Settlement of 1748; disallowed (C. R. V, 93-97). 5. Law of 1755 (C. R. V, 447-461). 6. Triumph of the Crown: Regulations through instructions after 1755. b. Lord Granville’s Share. 1. Origin of his claim. 2. Survey of 1743 and deeds of 1744 (C. R. IV, 655-663). 36 ■ i '■ . , ; .■ - : : -• : .1$, 3. Resulting problems (C. R. IV, Introduction), c. The McCulloch Grants (C. R. vol. IV, Introduction, 253-254: V, 770-782 : VI, 773-774: 996-998). References: Raper, North Carolina, a Study in English Colonial Government, pp. 38-60, 187-193, ch. 2 ; Ashe, History of North Carolina Vol. I, passim; Introduction to Colonial Records, Vols. Ill, IV, V. Sources: Colonial Records, Vols. Ill, IV, V, passim . XX. POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL CONTROVERSIES, 1729-1765, II THE CURRENCY PROBLEM 1. Condition prior to Johnston's administration. a. Proprietary issues; Depreciation. b. Failure of Redemption Tax of 1729 (C. R. IV 179). c. Instructions of the Crown (C. R. Ill, 95, 498). 2. The Issue of 1735. a. £40,000 to retire issue of 1729 to be redeemed in 1745; £12,500 for expenses with redemption tax. b. Depreciation: 700 paper equal 100 sterling (C. R. IV, 225) ; 1000 to 100 (C. R. IV, 416). c. The misappropriation. 3. The intercolonial war and the issue of 1748. 4. Taxation : Administration of the Revenue. References: Bullock, Essays in the Monetary History of the United States, pp. 125-155; Raper, North Carolina, a Study in English Colonial Government, pp. 125-139; The Finances of the North Carolina Colonists (Booklet VII, No. 2.) XXL POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL CONTROVERSIES, 1729-1765, III THE UNARMED REBELLION OF 1746 AND THE SPANISH WAR OF 1748 1. Sectionalism. a. Divergences of Albemarle and Bath. b. Burrington and Johnston favor Bath; Reasons. 1. No tradition of opposition to the government. 2. Desire to build up a governor's party. c. The program of Johnston. 1. The Assembly at Newbern (1746) and the Bill for a Capitol. 37 •{j©3 ■